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An approach to calculating allowable watershed pollutant loads

Yu GUO, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 658-671 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0446-3

摘要： To improve the management of discharge pollutants loads in the reservoirs’ watershed, an approach of the allowable pollutants loads calculation and its allocation, based on the water environment model, was proposed. Establishment of the approach framework was described at first. Under the guidance of this framework, two major steps were as follows: modeling and scenario analysis were involved and should be applied to support the decision of discharge loads management; Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model was selected as the kernel model in this framework. In modeling step, spatial discretization for establishing cell map in model, data preprocessing, parameter calibration and uncertainty analysis (which is considered as the significantly relevant factor of the margin of safety (MOS)), were conducted. As a result of the research, the model-based approach presented as a combination of estimation and precise calculation, which contributed to scenario analysis step. Some integrated modules, such as scenario simulation, result analysis and plan optimization were implemented as cycles in the scenario analysis. Finally, allowable pollutant loads under various conditions were calculated. The Chaihe Reservoir in Liaoning Province, China was used as a case study for an application of the approach described above. Results of the Chaihe reservoir water quality simulation, show good agreement with field data and demonstrated that the approach used in the present study provide an efficient and appropriate methodology for pollutant load allocation.

关键词： Source water protection     watershed management     pollutants load allocation     Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) modeling     margin of safety     statistical analysis    

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我国水污染防治法综合评估研究

侯立安,徐祖信,尹海龙,张林

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期   页码 126-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.015

摘要：

全面贯彻实施新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》对打好污染防治攻坚战和建设美丽中国具有重要意义。本文首先评估了水污染防治法2018 年1 月1 日施行以来取得的八个方面成效，在此基础上剖析了水污染防治法实施中存在的问题，主要体现在水环境管理体制机制、水污染执法监管、饮用水水源保护和地下水污染防治、水污染防治主要工作四个方面。对此，提出了近期亟需加强的四方面对策措施，通过以流域统筹、完善河长制考核和水环境质量改善为总抓手，在管理体系、执法能力、水源保护和污染防治四个方面形成系统性合力，深入推进工业废水达标排放、城镇管网截污治理、市政污泥资源化处理处置、农村污水低碳经济处理和农村面源污染防治，强化依法治水和科学治水。

关键词： 水污染防治     河长制     环境管理     环境标准     水源保护    

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Identification and ranking of the risky organic contaminants in the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir

Qingwei BU, Donghong WANG, Zijian WANG, Junnong GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 42-53 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0499-y

摘要： The Danjiangkou reservoir was selected to provide the source water for the middle routes of the South to North Water Transfer Project, which has provoked many environmental concerns. To date, investigations of water contamination of the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir with organic micro-pollutants have been limited. This study was conducted to identify and rank organic contaminants that pose risks in the Danjiangkou reservoir. To this end, the Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Management Strategies (CHEMS-1) approach was adapted to integrate the deconvolution technology of qualitative identifying contaminants for site-specific environmental matrices. The samples were screened for the presence of 1093 contaminants using deconvolution technologies and the hazard values of the identified contaminants were calculated using the adapted CHEMS-1 approach according to their hazardous properties and occurrence in source water. The results showed that 46 contaminants from 1093 targets were present in Danjiangkou water, 23 of which appeared at frequencies higher than 50%, and 15 of which were identified as priorities. Over half (53%) of the high-ranked contaminants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with chrysene ranked highest on the list. Health risk assessment of the top-ranked PAHs was conducted and revealed that cancer risks of PAHs detected in the source water of Danjiangkou to different populations ranged from 10 to 10 , indicating a low cancer risk to consumers. The results of this study indicated that the adapted CHEMS-1 approach was feasible for site-specific screening of organic contaminants to identify and rank potential priority pollutants.

关键词： identification and ranking     source water     deconvolution     risk assessment     Danjiangkou     South to North Water Transfer Project    

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Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 364-368 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0027-2

摘要： An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.

关键词： emergency drinking water treatment     water pollution     adsorption     oxidation     precipitation    

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Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

Jie JI, Huide FU, Hanfeng HE, Gang PEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 234-245 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0056-3

摘要： A distributed model of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system and its experimental setup using an immersed water condenser were presented. Dynamic performance of the ASHP was then evaluated by both simulation and experiment. The results indicated that the system coefficient of performance (COP) decreased as the condenser temperature increased, ranging from 4.41 to 2.32 with the average COP equaling 3.29 during the experiment. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental measurements demonstrated that the model was able to yield satisfactory predictions. Furthermore, temperature profiles of the refrigerant in the evaporator and condenser were also given. This paper provides the theoretical and experimental background for ASHP system optimization and a valuable reference for a solar air-source heat pump water heater when the solar irradiation energy is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days.

关键词： air-source     heat pump     distributed model     immersed water condenser    

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Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distributionpipeline driven by water source switching

Yue Hu, Ding Dong, Kun Wan, Chao Chen, Xin Yu, Huirong Lin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1320-3

摘要： Abstract • Bacterial release from aged pipe sections under extreme conditions was quantified. • Released bacterial community structure exhibited large variation after transition. • Risks from transition reduced significantly with cleaner source. As a result of pollution in the present water sources, cities have been forced to utilize cleaner water sources. There are few reports regarding the potential shift of bacterial community structure driven by water source switching, especially that of corrosion-related bacteria. Three types of finished water were used for simulation, the polluted source water from the Qiantang and Dongtiaoxi Rivers (China) was replaced by cleaner water from Qiandao Lake (China). Here, we discussed the transition effects through three simulated reactors. The bacterial characteristics were identified using the high-throughput sequencing and heterotrophic plate count method. It was observed that the level of culturable bacteria declined by 2–3 orders of magnitude after water source switching. The bacterial community released from the pipeline reactor was significantly different under different finished water, and it exhibited large variation at the genus level. Porphyrobacter (58.2%) and Phreatobacter (14.5%) clearly replaced Novosphingobium, Aquabacterium, and Cupriavidus as new dominant genera in system A, which could be attributed to the lower carbon and nitrogen content of the new water source. Although corrosion-inhibiting bacteria decreased after switching, they still maintained dominant in three reactors (6.6%, 15.9%, and 19.7%). Furthermore, potential opportunistic pathogens such as Sphingomonas were detected. Our study shows that after transition to a high quality water source, the total culturable bacteria released was in a downtrend, which leads to a great reduction in the risk of bacterial leakage in the produced drinking water.

关键词： Drinking water biosafety     Water source switching     Drinking water distribution system     Transition effects     High-throughput sequencing    

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Generation of enhanced stability of SnO/In(OH)/InP for photocatalytic water splitting by SnO protection

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 710-720 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0764-x

摘要： InP shows a very high efficiency for solar light to electricity conversion in solar cell and may present an expectation property in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, it suffers serious corrosion in water dispersion. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the stability and activity of the InP-based catalyst are effectively enhanced by applying an anti-corrosion SnO layer and In(OH)3 transition layer, which reduces the crystal mismatch between SnO and InP and increases charge transfer. The obtained Pt/SnO/In(OH)3/InP exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 144.42 µmol/g in 3 h under visible light illumination in multi-cycle tests without remarkable decay, 123 times higher than that of naked In(OH)3/InP without any electron donor under visible irradiation.

关键词： SnO/In(OH)3/InP photocatalyst     enhanced activity and stability for water splitting     corrosion inhibition     enhancing charge transfer and decreasing crystal mismatch    

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HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425

摘要：

The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.

 

关键词： ecological management     high quality development     industrial structure     soil erosion     soil and water conservation     Loess Plateau    

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China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection Adopted Draft Amendment to the Law on Prevention and Controlof Water Pollution

Fu Sun,Yi Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0890-6

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Technology Development and Engineering Practice for Protection and Utilization of Water Resources in

Da-zhao Gu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 59-66 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016010

摘要： Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Gansu (hereafter generally referred as “the Western Area”) are major coal-producing areas in China due to rich coal resources and good mining conditions. However, the Western Area has a serious water shortage. The surface evaporation is huge and a great amount of mine water generated in coal mining is evaporated and lost after discharging to surface. In order to protect and utilize the water resources during large-scale coal mining in the Western Area, Shenhua Group has put forward a technological idea to store mine water in underground mined areas and successfully researched and developed the coal mine underground reservoir technology by solving the technical difficulties of water source prediction, reservoir site selection, reservoir capacity design, dam construction, safety guarantee, water quality control and so on through 20 years of exploration. Now Shenhua Group has successfully established a batch of reservoir in the Shendong Mining Area, obtaining great economic and social benefits. The technology is also extended to other western mining areas, providing an effective path for harmonic mining of coal and water resources in western China.

关键词： Western Mining Area     coal mining     water resources     coal mine underground reservoirs    

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Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-NorthWater Transfer Project in China

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 459-473 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0288-9

摘要： The Middle Route Project(MRP) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China. An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential. This paper establishes an analytic framework of eco-compensation standard for the protection of the water source area, including both the calculation of eco-compensation based on opportunity cost method (OCM) and calculation of the burden sharing of eco-compensation between the water source area and the external water reception area based on the deviation square method (DSM). Taking Shiyan City, Hubei Province in China as a case study, our results show that the eco-compensation in the first-phase of MRP for the water source area in Shiyan, Hubei Province should be 1.63×10 CNY, about four times of planned eco-construction investment budget(4.33×10 CNY). In addition, the burden sharing of eco-compensation varied greatly in terms of different methods. It would be better to integrate the results of different single-factor burden sharing methods by determining the corresponding weighting coefficient with DSM and form one unanimous consent result by the interested parties.

关键词： the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme     eco-compensation standard     opportunity costs     deviation square method    

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Nitrogen pollution and source identification of urban ecosystem surface water in Beijing

Yufen REN, Zhiwei XU, Xinyu ZHANG, Xiaoke WANG, Xiaomin SUN, D. J. BALLANTINE, Shengzhong WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 106-116 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0474-z

摘要： Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agriculture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrogen and different nitrogen species present in surface-water in Beijing, China. Also, chemical ( ) and isotopic ( ) indicators were used to identify nitrate sources. The results showed that, during 2009 and 2010, nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 mg·L , ammonium nitrogen from 0.1 to 3.4 mg·L , and total nitrogen from 2.4 to 17.0 mg·L . Inorganic nitrogen accounted for between 60 and 100% of total nitrogen at the ten monitoring sites. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations at the 2 downstream monitoring sites in south-eastern Beijing were significantly higher than those at the other eight upstream monitoring sites ( <0.01). Examination of seasonal variation showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between nitrate nitrogen concentrations and precipitation, and that nitrate nitrogen concentrations peaked in the dry seasons. The information given by the values and nitrate nitrogen concentrations, combined with the ratio distribution, showed that domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Beijing. Methods to control and reduce sewage pollution are urgently needed to help manage surface water quality in Beijing.

关键词： nitrogen concentration     spatial and seasonal variation     stable nitrogen isotope     urban ecosystem     source    

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Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental

Xuewen Yi, Zhanqi Gao, Lanhua Liu, Qian Zhu, Guanjiu Hu, Xiaohong Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1288-z

摘要： Abstract • Acute toxicity assessment was conducted in Luoma lake watershed, East China. • Impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity testing was fully evaluated. • Dissolve oxygen had a weak positive correlation with luminescence inhibition rate. Protecting the quality of lake watersheds by preventing and reducing their contamination is an effective approach to ensure the sustainability of the drinking water supply. In this study, acute toxicity assessment was conducted on the basis of acute bioluminescence inhibition assay using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism and Luoma Lake drinking water source in East China as the research target. The suitable ranges of environmental factors, including pH value, organic matter, turbidity, hardness, and dissolved oxygen of water samples were evaluated for the toxicity testing of bioluminescent bacteria. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples at the selected 43 sites of Luoma Lake watershed were measured. Results showed that the variations in pH value (7.31–8.41), hardness (5–20 °d) and dissolved oxygen (4.44–11.03 mg/L) of Luoma Lake and its main inflow and outflow rivers had negligible impacts on the acute toxicity testing of V. fischeri. The luminescence inhibition rates ranged from -11.21% to 10.80% at the 43 sites. Pearson’s correlation analysis in the experiment revealed that temperature, pH value, hardness, and turbidity had no correlation with luminescence inhibition rate, whereas dissolved oxygen showed a weak statistically positive correlation with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.455 (p<0.05).

关键词： Bioluminescent bacteria     Acute toxicity     Pearson correlation analysis     Drinking water source     Vibrio fischeri    

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawatersource heat pump system

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要： Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词： water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

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A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 417-426 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0558-4

摘要： A red water phenomenon occurred in several communities few days after the change of water source in Beijing, China in 2008. In this study, the origin of this problem, the mechanism of iron release and various control measures were investigated. The results indicated that a significant increase in sulphate concentration as a result of the new water source was the cause of the red water phenomenon. The mechanism of iron release was found that the high-concentration sulphate in the new water source disrupted the stable shell of scale on the inner pipe and led to the release of iron compounds. Experiments showed that the iron release rate in the new source water within pipe section was over 11-fold higher than that occurring within the local source water. The recovery of tap water quality lasted several months despite ameliorative measures being implemented, including adding phosphate, reducing the overall proportion of the new water source, elevating the pH and alkalinity, and utilizing free chlorine as a disinfectant instead of chloramine. Adding phosphate was more effective and more practical than the other measures. The iron release rate was decreased after the addition of 1.5 mg·L orthophosphate- P, tripolyphosphate-P and hexametaphosphate-P by 68%, 83% and 87%, respectively. Elevating the pH and alkalinity also reduced the iron release rate by 50%. However, the iron release rate did not decreased after replacing chloramine by 0.5–0.8 mg·L of free chlorine as disinfectant.

关键词： iron release     drinking water distribution system     sulphate     phosphate     red water control     water quality stability    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An approach to calculating allowable watershed pollutant loads

Yu GUO, Haifeng JIA

期刊论文

我国水污染防治法综合评估研究

侯立安,徐祖信,尹海龙,张林

期刊论文

Identification and ranking of the risky organic contaminants in the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir

Qingwei BU, Donghong WANG, Zijian WANG, Junnong GU

期刊论文

Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

期刊论文

Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

Jie JI, Huide FU, Hanfeng HE, Gang PEI,

期刊论文

Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distributionpipeline driven by water source switching

Yue Hu, Ding Dong, Kun Wan, Chao Chen, Xin Yu, Huirong Lin

期刊论文

Generation of enhanced stability of SnO/In(OH)/InP for photocatalytic water splitting by SnO protection

期刊论文

HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE

期刊论文

China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection Adopted Draft Amendment to the Law on Prevention and Controlof Water Pollution

Fu Sun,Yi Liu

期刊论文

Technology Development and Engineering Practice for Protection and Utilization of Water Resources in

Da-zhao Gu

期刊论文

Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-NorthWater Transfer Project in China

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

期刊论文

Nitrogen pollution and source identification of urban ecosystem surface water in Beijing

Yufen REN, Zhiwei XU, Xinyu ZHANG, Xiaoke WANG, Xiaomin SUN, D. J. BALLANTINE, Shengzhong WANG

期刊论文

Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental

Xuewen Yi, Zhanqi Gao, Lanhua Liu, Qian Zhu, Guanjiu Hu, Xiaohong Zhou

期刊论文

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawatersource heat pump system

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

期刊论文

A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

期刊论文